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<section id="passlib-hash-sun-md5-crypt-sun-md5-crypt">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#passlib.hash.sun_md5_crypt" title="passlib.hash.sun_md5_crypt"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.hash.sun_md5_crypt</span></code></a> - Sun MD5 Crypt<a class="headerlink" href="#passlib-hash-sun-md5-crypt-sun-md5-crypt" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>This algorithm was developed by Alec Muffett <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#mct" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> for Solaris, as a replacement for the aging <a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hash.des_crypt.html#passlib.hash.des_crypt" title="passlib.hash.des_crypt"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">des_crypt</span></code></a>.
It was introduced in Solaris 9u2. While based on the MD5 message digest, it has very little at all
in common with the <a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hash.md5_crypt.html#passlib.hash.md5_crypt" title="passlib.hash.md5_crypt"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">md5_crypt</span></code></a> algorithm. It supports
32 bit variable rounds and an 8 character salt.</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="../narr/hash-tutorial.html#password-hash-examples"><span class="std std-ref">password hash usage</span></a> –
for examples of how to use this class via the common hash interface.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The original Solaris implementation has some hash encoding quirks
which may not be properly accounted for in Passlib.
Until more user feedback and sample hashes have been gathered,
<em>caveat emptor</em>.</p>
</div>
<section id="interface">
<h2>Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#interface" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="passlib.hash.sun_md5_crypt">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">passlib.hash.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sun_md5_crypt</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#passlib.hash.sun_md5_crypt" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This class implements the Sun-MD5-Crypt password hash, and follows the <a class="reference internal" href="passlib.ifc.html#password-hash-api"><span class="std std-ref">PasswordHash API</span></a>.</p>
<p>It supports a variable-length salt, and a variable number of rounds.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="passlib.ifc.html#passlib.ifc.PasswordHash.using" title="passlib.ifc.PasswordHash.using"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">using()</span></code></a> method accepts the following optional keywords:</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>salt</strong> (<em>str</em>) – Optional salt string.
If not specified, a salt will be autogenerated (this is recommended).
If specified, it must be drawn from the regexp range <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[./0-9A-Za-z]</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>salt_size</strong> (<em>int</em>) – If no salt is specified, this parameter can be used to specify
the size (in characters) of the autogenerated salt.
It currently defaults to 8.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>rounds</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Optional number of rounds to use.
Defaults to 34000, must be between 0 and 4294963199, inclusive.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>bare_salt</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Optional flag used to enable an alternate salt digest behavior
used by some hash strings in this scheme.
This flag can be ignored by most users.
Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.
(see <a class="reference internal" href="#smc-bare-salt"><span class="std std-ref">Bare Salt Issue</span></a> for details).</p></li>
<li><p><strong>relaxed</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – <p>By default, providing an invalid value for one of the other
keywords will result in a <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code>. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">relaxed=True</span></code>,
and the error can be corrected, a <a class="reference internal" href="passlib.exc.html#passlib.exc.PasslibHashWarning" title="passlib.exc.PasslibHashWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PasslibHashWarning</span></code></a>
will be issued instead. Correctable errors include <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rounds</span></code>
that are too small or too large, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">salt</span></code> strings that are too long.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 1.6.</span></p>
</div>
</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="format">
<h2>Format<a class="headerlink" href="#format" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>An example hash (of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passwd</span></code>) is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5,rounds=5000$GUBv0xjJ$$mSwgIswdjlTY0YxV7HBVm0</span></code>.
A sun-md5-crypt hash string has the format <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5,rounds=</span><em><span class="pre">rounds</span></em><span class="pre">$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em><span class="pre">$$</span><em><span class="pre">checksum</span></em></code>, where:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5,</span></code> is the prefix used to identify the hash.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">rounds</span></em></code> is the decimal number of rounds to use (5000 in the example).</p></li>
<li><p><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em></code> is 0-8 salt characters drawn from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[./0-9A-Za-z]</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GUBv0xjJ</span></code> in the example).</p></li>
<li><p><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">checksum</span></em></code> is 22 characters drawn from the same set,
encoding a 128-bit checksum (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mSwgIswdjlTY0YxV7HBVm0</span></code> in the example).</p></li>
</ul>
<p>An alternate format, <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em><span class="pre">$$</span><em><span class="pre">checksum</span></em></code> is used when the rounds value is 0.</p>
<p>There also exists some hashes which have only a single <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code> between the
salt and the checksum; these have a slightly different checksum calculation
(see <a class="reference internal" href="#smc-bare-salt"><span class="std std-ref">Bare Salt Issue</span></a> for details).</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Solaris seems to deviate from the <a class="reference internal" href="../modular_crypt_format.html#modular-crypt-format"><span class="std std-ref">Modular Crypt Format</span></a> in that
it considers <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">,</span></code> to indicate the end of the identifier
in addition to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="html-toggle" id="algorithm">
<h2>Algorithm<a class="headerlink" href="#algorithm" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The algorithm used is based around the MD5 message digest and the “Muffett Coin Toss” algorithm.</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Given a password, the number of rounds, and a salt string.</p></li>
</ol>
<ol class="arabic" id="smc-digest-step" start="2">
<li><p>an initial MD5 digest is created from the concatenation of the password,
and the configuration string (using the format <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5,rounds=</span><em><span class="pre">rounds</span></em><span class="pre">$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em><span class="pre">$</span></code>,
or <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em><span class="pre">$</span></code> if rounds is 0).</p>
<p>(See <a class="reference internal" href="#smc-bare-salt"><span class="std std-ref">Bare Salt Issue</span></a> for details about an issue affecting this step)</p>
</li>
<li><dl class="simple">
<dt>for rounds+4096 iterations, a new digest is created:</dt><dd><ol class="lowerroman simple">
<li><p>a buffer is initialized, containing the previous round’s MD5 digest (for the first round,
the digest from step 2 is used).</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MuffetCoinToss(rounds,</span> <span class="pre">previous</span> <span class="pre">digest)</span></code> is called, resulting in a 0 or 1.</p></li>
<li><p>If step 3.ii results in a 1, a constant data string is added to the buffer;
if the result is a 0, the string is not added for this round.
The constant data string is a 1517 byte excerpt from Hamlet <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#f2" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>2<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">To</span> <span class="pre">be,</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">not</span> <span class="pre">to</span> <span class="pre">be...all</span> <span class="pre">my</span> <span class="pre">sins</span> <span class="pre">remember'd.\n</span></code>),
including an appended null character.</p></li>
<li><p>the current iteration as a zero-indexed integer is converted to a string (not zero-padded) and added to the buffer.</p></li>
<li><p>the output for this iteration is the MD5 digest of the buffer’s contents.</p></li>
</ol>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p>The final digest is then encoded into <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hash64</span></code> format using the same
transposed byte order that <a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hash.md5_crypt.html#passlib.hash.md5_crypt" title="passlib.hash.md5_crypt"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">md5_crypt</span></code></a> uses, and returned.</p></li>
</ol>
<section id="muffet-coin-toss">
<h3>Muffet Coin Toss<a class="headerlink" href="#muffet-coin-toss" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The Muffet Coin Toss algorithm is as follows:
Given the current round number, and a 16 byte MD5 digest, it returns a 0 or 1,
using the following formula:</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>All references below to a specific bit of the digest should be interpreted mod 128.
All references below to a specific byte of the digest should be interpreted mod 16.</p>
</div>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>A 8-bit integer <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">X</span></em></code> is generated from the following formula:
for each <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">i</span></em></code> in 0..7 inclusive:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>let <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">A</span></em></code> be the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">i</span></em></code>’th byte of the digest, as an 8-bit int.</p></li>
<li><p>let <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">B</span></em></code> be the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">i</span></em><span class="pre">+3</span></code>’rd byte of the digest, as an 8-bit int.</p></li>
<li><p>let <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">R</span></em></code> be <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">A</span></em></code> shifted right by <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">B</span></em> <span class="pre">%</span> <span class="pre">5</span></code> bits.</p></li>
<li><p>let <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">V</span></em></code> be the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">R</span></em></code>’th byte of the digest.</p></li>
<li><p>if the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">A</span></em> <span class="pre">%</span> <span class="pre">8</span></code>’th bit of <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">B</span></em></code> is 1, divide <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">V</span></em></code> by 2.</p></li>
<li><p>use the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">V</span></em></code>’th bit of the digest as the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">i</span></em></code>’th bit of <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">X</span></em></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>Another 8-bit integer, <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">Y</span></em></code>, is generated exactly the same manner as <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">X</span></em></code>, except that:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">A</span></em></code> is the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">i</span></em><span class="pre">+8</span></code>’th byte of the digest,</p></li>
<li><p><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">B</span></em></code> is the <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">i</span></em><span class="pre">+11</span></code>’th byte of the digest.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>if bit <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">round</span></em></code> of the digest is 1, <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">X</span></em></code> is divided by 2.</p></li>
<li><p>if bit <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">round</span></em><span class="pre">+64</span></code> of the digest is 1, <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">Y</span></em></code> is divided by 2.</p></li>
<li><p>the final result is <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">X</span></em></code>’th bit of the digest XORed against <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">Y</span></em></code>’th bit of the digest.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="bare-salt-issue">
<span id="smc-bare-salt"></span><h3>Bare Salt Issue<a class="headerlink" href="#bare-salt-issue" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>According to the only existing documentation of this algorithm <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#mct" id="id3" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>,
its hashes were supposed to have the format <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em><span class="pre">$</span><em><span class="pre">checksum</span></em></code>,
and include only the bare string <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em></code> in the salt digest step
(see <a class="reference internal" href="#smc-digest-step"><span class="std std-ref">step 2</span></a>, above).</p>
<p>However, almost all hashes encountered in production environments
have the format <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em><span class="pre">$$</span><em><span class="pre">checksum</span></em></code> (note the double <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$$</span></code>).
Unfortunately, it is not merely a cosmetic difference: hashes of this format
incorporate the first <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code> after the salt within the
salt digest step, so the resulting checksum is different.</p>
<p>The documentation hints that this stems from a bug within the production
implementation’s parser. This bug causes the implementation to return
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$$</span></code>-format hashes when passed a configuration string that ends with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code>.
It returns the intended original format & checksum
only if there is at least one letter after the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code>, e.g. <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5$</span><em><span class="pre">salt</span></em><span class="pre">$x</span></code>.</p>
<p>Passlib attempts to accommodate both formats using the special <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bare_salt</span></code>
keyword. It is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> to indicate a configuration or hash string which
contains only a single <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code>, and does not incorporate it into the hash calculation.
The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$$</span></code> hash is encountered more often in production since it seems
the Solaris salt generator always appends a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code>; because of this <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bare_salt=False</span></code>
was chosen as the default, so that hashes will be generated which by default
conform to what users are used to.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="deviations">
<h2>Deviations<a class="headerlink" href="#deviations" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Passlib’s implementation of Sun-MD5-Crypt deliberately
deviates from the official implementation in the following ways:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Unicode Policy:</p>
<p>The underlying algorithm takes in a password specified
as a series of non-null bytes, and does not specify what encoding
should be used; though a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">us-ascii</span></code> compatible encoding
is implied by all known reference hashes.</p>
<p>In order to provide support for unicode strings,
Passlib will encode unicode passwords using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utf-8</span></code>
before running them through sun-md5-crypt. If a different
encoding is desired by an application, the password should be encoded
before handing it to Passlib.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Rounds encoding</p>
<p>The underlying scheme implicitly allows rounds to have zero padding (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5,rounds=001$abc$</span></code>),
and also allows 0 rounds to be specified two ways (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5$abc$</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5,rounds=0$abc$</span></code>).
Allowing either of these would result in multiple possible checksums
for the same password & salt. To prevent ambiguity,
Passlib will throw a <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> if the rounds value is zero-padded,
or specified explicitly as 0 (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$md5,rounds=0$abc$</span></code>).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p id="smc-quirks">Given the lack of documentation, lack of test vectors, and known bugs
which accompany the original Solaris implementation, Passlib may not
accurately be able to generate and verify all hashes encountered in a
Solaris environment. Issues of concern include:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Some hashes found on the web use a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$</span></code> in place of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">,</span></code>.
It is unclear whether this is an accepted alternate format or just a typo,
nor whether this is supposed to affect the checksum in the resulting hash string.</p></li>
<li><p>The current implementation needs addition test vectors;
especially ones which contain an explicitly specific number of rounds.</p></li>
<li><p>More information is needed about the parsing / formatting issue described
in the <a class="reference internal" href="#smc-bare-salt"><span class="std std-ref">Bare Salt Issue</span></a> section.</p></li>
</ul>
<p class="rubric">Footnotes</p>
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="mct" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id3">2</a>)</span>
<p>Overview of & motivations for the algorithm - <a class="reference external" href="http://dropsafe.crypticide.com/article/1389">http://dropsafe.crypticide.com/article/1389</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="f2" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>The source of Hamlet’s speech, used byte-for-byte as the constant data - <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext98/2ws2610.txt">http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext98/2ws2610.txt</a></p>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">API Reference</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.apache.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.apache</span></code> - Apache Password Files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.apps.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.apps</span></code> - Helpers for various applications</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.context.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.context</span></code> - CryptContext Hash Manager</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.crypto.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.crypto</span></code> - Cryptographic Helper Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.exc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.exc</span></code> - Exceptions and warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.ext.django.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.ext.django</span></code> - Django Password Hashing Plugin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hash.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.hash</span></code> - Password Hashing Schemes</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hash.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hash.html#other-modular-crypt-hashes">Other “Modular Crypt” Hashes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hosts.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.hosts</span></code> - OS Password Handling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.ifc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.ifc</span></code> – Password Hash Interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.pwd.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.pwd</span></code> – Password generation helpers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.registry.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.registry</span></code> - Password Handler Registry</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.totp.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.totp</span></code> – TOTP / Two Factor Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.utils.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.utils</span></code> - Helper Functions</a></li>
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