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<section id="passlib-pwd-password-generation-helpers">
<span id="module-passlib.pwd"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-passlib.pwd" title="passlib.pwd: password generation helpers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.pwd</span></code></a> – Password generation helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#passlib-pwd-password-generation-helpers" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 1.7.</span></p>
</div>
<section id="password-generation">
<h2>Password Generation<a class="headerlink" href="#password-generation" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="float-center admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Before using these routines, make sure your system’s RNG entropy pool is
secure and full. Also make sure that <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genword()</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genphrase()</span></code>
is called with a sufficiently high <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">entropy</span></code> parameter
the intended purpose of the password.</p>
</div>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="passlib.pwd.genword">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">passlib.pwd.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">genword</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">entropy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">charset</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'ascii_62'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chars</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">returns</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#passlib.pwd.genword" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Generate one or more random passwords.</p>
<p>This function uses <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">random.SystemRandom</span></code> to generate
one or more passwords using various character sets.
The complexity of the password can be specified
by size, or by the desired amount of entropy.</p>
<p>Usage Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># generate a random alphanumeric string with 48 bits of entropy (the default)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">passlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pwd</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pwd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">genword</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">'DnBHvDjMK6'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># generate a random hexadecimal string with 52 bits of entropy</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pwd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">genword</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">entropy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">52</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"hex"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'310f1a7ac793f'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>entropy</strong> – <p>Strength of resulting password, measured in ‘guessing entropy’ bits.
An appropriate <strong>length</strong> value will be calculated
based on the requested entropy amount, and the size of the character set.</p>
<p>This can be a positive integer, or one of the following preset
strings: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"weak"</span></code> (24), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"fair"</span></code> (36),
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"strong"</span></code> (48), and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"secure"</span></code> (56).</p>
<p>If neither this or <strong>length</strong> is specified, <strong>entropy</strong> will default
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"strong"</span></code> (48).</p>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>length</strong> – <p>Size of resulting password, measured in characters.
If omitted, the size is auto-calculated based on the <strong>entropy</strong> parameter.</p>
<p>If both <strong>entropy</strong> and <strong>length</strong> are specified,
the stronger value will be used.</p>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>returns</strong> – <p>Controls what this function returns:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> (the default), this function will generate a single password.</p></li>
<li><p>If an integer, this function will return a list containing that many passwords.</p></li>
<li><p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iter</span></code> constant, will return an iterator that yields passwords.</p></li>
</ul>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>chars</strong> – Optionally specify custom string of characters to use when randomly
generating a password. This option cannot be combined with <strong>charset</strong>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>charset</strong> – <p>The predefined character set to draw from (if not specified by <strong>chars</strong>).
There are currently four presets available:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"ascii_62"</span></code> (the default) – all digits and ascii upper & lowercase letters.
Provides ~5.95 entropy per character.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"ascii_50"</span></code> – subset which excludes visually similar characters
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1IiLl0Oo5S8B</span></code>). Provides ~5.64 entropy per character.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"ascii_72"</span></code> – all digits and ascii upper & lowercase letters,
as well as some punctuation. Provides ~6.17 entropy per character.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"hex"</span></code> – Lower case hexadecimal. Providers 4 bits of entropy per character.</p></li>
</ul>
</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> string containing randomly generated password;
or list of 1+ passwords if <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">returns=</span><em><span class="pre">int</span></em></code> is specified.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="passlib.pwd.genphrase">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">passlib.pwd.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">genphrase</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">entropy</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">wordset</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'eff_long'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">words</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sep</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'</span> <span class="pre">'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">returns</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#passlib.pwd.genphrase" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Generate one or more random password / passphrases.</p>
<p>This function uses <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">random.SystemRandom</span></code> to generate
one or more passwords; it can be configured to generate
alphanumeric passwords, or full english phrases.
The complexity of the password can be specified
by size, or by the desired amount of entropy.</p>
<p>Usage Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># generate random phrase with 48 bits of entropy</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">passlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pwd</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pwd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">genphrase</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">'gangly robbing salt shove'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># generate a random phrase with 52 bits of entropy</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># using a particular wordset</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pwd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">genword</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">entropy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">52</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wordset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bip39"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'wheat dilemma reward rescue diary'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>entropy</strong> – <p>Strength of resulting password, measured in ‘guessing entropy’ bits.
An appropriate <strong>length</strong> value will be calculated
based on the requested entropy amount, and the size of the word set.</p>
<p>This can be a positive integer, or one of the following preset
strings: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"weak"</span></code> (24), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"fair"</span></code> (36),
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"strong"</span></code> (48), and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"secure"</span></code> (56).</p>
<p>If neither this or <strong>length</strong> is specified, <strong>entropy</strong> will default
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"strong"</span></code> (48).</p>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>length</strong> – <p>Length of resulting password, measured in words.
If omitted, the size is auto-calculated based on the <strong>entropy</strong> parameter.</p>
<p>If both <strong>entropy</strong> and <strong>length</strong> are specified,
the stronger value will be used.</p>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>returns</strong> – <p>Controls what this function returns:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> (the default), this function will generate a single password.</p></li>
<li><p>If an integer, this function will return a list containing that many passwords.</p></li>
<li><p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iter</span></code> builtin, will return an iterator that yields passwords.</p></li>
</ul>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>words</strong> – Optionally specifies a list/set of words to use when randomly generating a passphrase.
This option cannot be combined with <strong>wordset</strong>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>wordset</strong> – <p>The predefined word set to draw from (if not specified by <strong>words</strong>).
There are currently four presets available:</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"eff_long"</span></code> (the default)</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Wordset containing 7776 english words of ~7 letters.
Constructed by the EFF, it offers ~12.9 bits of entropy per word.</p>
<p>This wordset (and the other <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"eff_"</span></code> wordsets)
were <a class="reference external" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/07/new-wordlists-random-passphrases">created by the EFF</a>
to aid in generating passwords. See their announcement page
for more details about the design & properties of these wordsets.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"eff_short"</span></code></p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Wordset containing 1296 english words of ~4.5 letters.
Constructed by the EFF, it offers ~10.3 bits of entropy per word.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"eff_prefixed"</span></code></p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Wordset containing 1296 english words of ~8 letters,
selected so that they each have a unique 3-character prefix.
Constructed by the EFF, it offers ~10.3 bits of entropy per word.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"bip39"</span></code></p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Wordset of 2048 english words of ~5 letters,
selected so that they each have a unique 4-character prefix.
Published as part of Bitcoin’s <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039/english.txt">BIP 39</a>,
this wordset has exactly 11 bits of entropy per word.</p>
<p>This list offers words that are typically shorter than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"eff_long"</span></code>
(at the cost of slightly less entropy); and much shorter than
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"eff_prefixed"</span></code> (at the cost of a longer unique prefix).</p>
</div></blockquote>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>sep</strong> – Optional separator to use when joining words.
Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"</span> <span class="pre">"</span></code> (a space), but can be an empty string, a hyphen, etc.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> containing randomly generated passphrase;
or list of 1+ passphrases if <code class="samp docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">returns=</span><em><span class="pre">int</span></em></code> is specified.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="predefined-symbol-sets">
<h2>Predefined Symbol Sets<a class="headerlink" href="#predefined-symbol-sets" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following predefined sets are used by the generation functions above,
but are exported by this module for general use:</p>
<dl class="object">
<dt class="sig sig-object">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">default_charsets</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Dictionary mapping charset name -> string of characters, used by <a class="reference internal" href="#passlib.pwd.genword" title="passlib.pwd.genword"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genword()</span></code></a>.
See that function for a list of predefined charsets present in this dict.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="object">
<dt class="sig sig-object">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">default_wordsets</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>Dictionary mapping wordset name -> tuple of words, used by <a class="reference internal" href="#passlib.pwd.genphrase" title="passlib.pwd.genphrase"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genphrase()</span></code></a>.
See that function for a list of predefined wordsets present in this dict.</p>
<p>(Note that this is actually a special object which will lazy-load
wordsets from disk on-demand)</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="password-strength-estimation">
<h2>Password Strength Estimation<a class="headerlink" href="#password-strength-estimation" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Passlib does not currently offer any password strength estimation routines.
However, the (javascript-based) <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/dropbox/zxcvbn">zxcvbn</a>
project is a <em>very</em> good choice.</p>
<p>Though there are a few different python ports of ZXCVBN library, as of 2019-11-13,
<a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/zxcvbn">zxcvbn (@ pypi)</a> is the most up-to-date,
and is endorsed by the upstream zxcvbn developers.</p>
</section>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../narr/index.html">Walkthrough & Tutorials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">API Reference</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.apache.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.apache</span></code> - Apache Password Files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.apps.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.apps</span></code> - Helpers for various applications</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.context.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.context</span></code> - CryptContext Hash Manager</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.crypto.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.crypto</span></code> - Cryptographic Helper Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.exc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.exc</span></code> - Exceptions and warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.ext.django.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.ext.django</span></code> - Django Password Hashing Plugin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hash.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.hash</span></code> - Password Hashing Schemes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.hosts.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.hosts</span></code> - OS Password Handling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.ifc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.ifc</span></code> – Password Hash Interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.pwd</span></code> – Password generation helpers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#password-generation">Password Generation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#passlib.pwd.genword"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genword()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#passlib.pwd.genphrase"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genphrase()</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#predefined-symbol-sets">Predefined Symbol Sets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#password-strength-estimation">Password Strength Estimation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.registry.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.registry</span></code> - Password Handler Registry</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.totp.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.totp</span></code> – TOTP / Two Factor Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="passlib.utils.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">passlib.utils</span></code> - Helper Functions</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../other.html">Other Documentation</a></li>
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